Hip-hop Essay Example for Free

Hip-hop Essay Sociologists say that the styles in music, literature and other arts are reflecting the processes that take place in the society where they emerge. Hip-hop culture gained power in ninetieth America. Nowadays various opinions exist about the nature of this phenomenon. David Abe said in his article ‘Tupac Plus 10: Hip-hop’s Diminished Potential’ that hip-hop had the power to change the world back in ninetieths, but due to commercialization its potential â€Å"had significantly diminished†, while David Brooks wrote about hip-hop romanticizing crime and violence against women, calling it a â€Å"culture of resistance† in his New York Times article ‘Gangsta’. The music of the rebels, of youth that felt they had no place for them in the society they had been raised in, hip hop became a way to express their thoughts and feelings. Hip-hop was music for youngsters who were not afraid to declare they wanted to change the world, and young people rarely share a non-resistance tactic. Hip-hop explained the world was corrupt, but the only way out it offered was active resistance – antisocial behavior and crime. This kind of ideas tends to attract lots of youngsters, and huge flocks of people around some idea tend to attract money. Soon hip-hop became business, like lots of culture phenomena before. The idea of hip-hop has deceased at the moment it became a merchandize available in nearest mall. Young and poor people in USA and outside it usually do not have means to change the world they live in. They dwell in slums, do not have medical insurance, their chances to get decent education and job are poor. Violence becomes their only way to express their anger and disappointment, and a seemingly easy way to get the things they see on TV and in fashion magazines, like expensive closes, gadgets and money. Hip-hop and rap music describe this problem-solving method in detail, and it is often introduced as the right thing to do, the one that makes boy a real man. â€Å"The gangsta is brave, countercultural criminal† – says Robert Brooks. It builds the image of â€Å"strong violent hypermacho male, who loudly asserts his dominance and demands respect†. And it is no wonder this image attracts ghetto teenagers from all over the world. There is some bond between Robin Hood and gangsta, as they both have this image of the noble bandit. Being gangsta means being â€Å"cool†, being powerful and able to change things that ought to be changed, it means becoming respected and significant. Violence especially that against women is seen at this context as one of the ways to prove significance and masculinity, and assert one’s right to get everything desired by force. In the same time Xzibit, a famous American rapper proves that rap and hip hop should not be blamed for its negative imagery. â€Å"If society wasn’t violent†, he says, â€Å"then hip-hop wouldn’t be violent. You can blame hip-hop but we’re like reporters; we tell you what’s going on in the neighborhood, and we tell you how it is. † Xzibit insists that hip-hop is just a mirror, where all the societal imperfections and problems are reflected. Thus the youngsters who listen and sing hip hop are just confessing about the things they see, and the world they are living in. Before blaming rap music and videos for encouraging children and teenagers to commit violent acts, people should try to find out why is this music so popular among them. Why American teens and young adults, at list part of them, want to listen and watch songs, clips, and movies where people abuse, rape and kill each other? Maybe something is wrong with the educational system, as it’s unable to persuade the youth in the futility and danger of violence, to teach them that their goals can be achieved using other methods? Or the problem lies within the society that cannot offer some of its young inexperienced members other sphere for actualizing their potential than that of crime and violence? Some journalists and psychologists prove that rap videos are just one of the ways of â€Å"selling† hip-hop culture. It’s true, that for many of the rap singers their music is just the way to earn money and popularity, thus they fill their songs with the content that sells successfully. Unfortunately, there is always a demand for violence on our market, and hip-hop is a good form for selling it. David Abe noted that: â€Å"†¦the content of the most requested rap songs and videos overrun in an exaggerated manner by rims, jewelry and thongs, as the business model evolved. † Now hip-hop is quite a profitable activity to be involved in, as Forbes. com website announced that in 2006 the earnings of such rap stars as 50cent, Jay-Z, and Sean â€Å"Diddy† Combs were $33 million, $34 million, and $28 million accordingly. It proves that there is quite a demand for the culture of resistance on worldwide market. Actually hip hop culture, which had been a culture of resistance transformed into a notion of culture of resistance that could be sold and bought in the department stores. Now hip-hop is not an element of cultural resistance, it is just an image of a social position, and even a fashion trend. David Abe proves that nowadays hip-hop â€Å"consistently fails to challenge and inspire critical thought in the people who listen to it† †And the more commercialized hip-hop becomes the more fans it has, as the thing that can be bought and sold is understandable to most people, while concepts that require some brain and spiritual efforts for understanding them are not very popular nowadays. At the beginning of the history of this cultural phenomenon it really had potential to change something, to influence the opinions and actions of people. While there were real emotions behind the words of the songs, while singers told about the things they saw, and that bothered them, asking their listeners questions they were encouraged to answer by themselves, hip-hop was an instrument to make world a little better. In the same time there always existed danger that young listeners would accept role models from often violent hip-hop lyrics. But in the end of ninetieths, when money came to hip-hop culture, hip-hop became the culture of people who wanted to look â€Å"cool† and to act â€Å"cool†. Its change-driving potential diminished; nowadays most of hip-hop lyrics telling about violence has no inner sense in it, no ideas of cultural resistance and changing the world, just poor role models for youngsters. Works Cited 1. Abe,D. ‘Tupac Plus 10: Hip-hop’s Diminished Potential’. The Times 2. Brooks, D. ‘Gangsta’ The New York Times 10 November: A29 3. Goldman, L. ‘Forbes And 50 Cent Get Money’. Forbes. 7 Seb 2007. http://www. forbes. com/home/media/2007/09/18/igetmoney-remix-50cent-biz-media-cz_lg_0918bizigetmoney. html 4. Rodriguez, K. Xzibit Defends Rap Lyrics, Hip-Hop Stigmas. 19 Sep 2006. http://www. nobodysmiling. com/hiphop/news/86714. php

Formatting Requirements for Publications :: Publishing Papers

Formatting Requirements for Publications Abstract. In this paper, we describe the formatting requirements for CSCL 2005 publications, and we offer a number of suggestions on writing style for the worldwide CSCL readership. These instructions pertain to the published component of submissions only. Some submissions may require other documentation in addition to the published paper. Keywords: Guidelines, formatting instructions, author's kit, conference publications INTRODUCTION The CSCL 2005 Proceedings will provide a persistent record of the conference, published in both CD-ROM and paper formats. We hope to give the proceedings a uniform, high-quality appearance. To do this, we ask that authors follow some simple guidelines. In essence, we ask you to make your paper look exactly like this document. The easiest way to do this is simply to download this template and replace the content with your own text and graphics, being careful not to add any new styles or redefine the template styles. You may want to open this document in Word and then Save As â€Å"CSCL 2005 Template.dot† by saving the Change As Type pull-down list to Document Template. PAGE SIZE All material on each page should be centered on an A4 (8.26 x 11.69 inch) page with 2.5cm (or 1 inch) margins all around. It is important to check these margins even if you use this Word template, because they might have been overwritten by your local settings. TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES Long papers should be 8-10 pages. Short papers should be 4-5 pages. All other published material, including doctoral consortium abstracts and descriptions of interactive events and workshops, should be 2-3 pages. This includes everything: from the title to the references. FORMATTED TEXT Carefully format your submission using the following styles: Title and Authors The title (Helvetica 18-point bold), authors' names (Times New Roman 12-point bold) and affiliations (Times New Roman 12-point not-bold) run across the full width of the page. We also recommend that you add your e-mail address using the affiliations style. If only one address is needed, center all address text. For two addresses, use two centered tabs or a table (as in this paper), and so on. For more than three authors, you may have to improvise. There should be one blank Normal (10 pt.) line between the title and authors. Abstract and Keywords Place two blank Normal (10 pt.) lines after the title, followed by an abstract of about 100 words. The abstract should begin with the word â€Å"Abstract.† in bold, and should be formatted in the â€Å"Abstract† style provided in this template (like Normal, but indented 1cm each side).

Communication Management

Sometimes we want to be everything to everyone and most of the times we figure that it is impossible to be perfect in the eyes of family, friends, and especially employers. Many times we questioned and judged the way people in management handled situations or themselves. When a mini crisis hits the office, most managers are simply reacting to the situation and have not worked or prepared on proactive steps to avoid such mini-daily crisis. The role of managers comes in three flavors, interpersonal, informational and decisional roles. Sometimes with the help of a mentor (s) we can developed all three, but in most cases we find ourselves being good at one or even two, but we are rarely good at all three. Managers that show great skill in the interpersonal role category have the ability to be a liaison between the company and the many contacts outside the company that can help the business grow, become successful or even get out of bankruptcy like in the case of Chrysler. Most of the managers in this category can be seen as a figurehead that simply performs ceremonial duties (James O’Rourke. IV 2013) I honestly have no way to compare this or any type of management style outside my home. I have never been a manager and that would be my greatest weakness in these particular roles. I know that I am capable of representing my family and employer with great pride, as I charter the rough waters and issues, as they come. But, I know that I work hard at planning and being proactive. I am a person that does not let the current crisis take over my life. It takes time to plan and adjust to new situations, and at the end it always pays off to be proactive. If you do prepare for the worse, hoping for the best, you will always be somewhere in the middle and I am good with that. Informational role managers have the ability to collect, analyze and disseminate many kinds of information (James O’Rourke, IV 2013. ) This is who I would consider to be the floor manager. They are constantly moving information among all immediate employees or family member in my case. This would be the manager role I fit into at this point in time within my family group. I am able to the pinpoint the problem and solution to the problem in rder to bring the group together and accomplished our long-term goals. I spend most of the time making sure all parties involved are able to see the issues from another perspective. I can help them reached an agreement on their own without any of the parties feeling as if they did not get what they wanted out of the deal. The last management role is that of the decisional in which the manager finds him or herself determining who gets what resources, how much, when and why (James O’Rourke, IV 2013. ) This manager also act as a negotiator to those with whom he or she deals on a daily basis (James O’Rourke, IV 2013. I think I fit this description well but again with no prior experience it is very hard to determine where you fit or where you do not fit as a manager. I may have some traits or be able to develop others with the help of the right person as my mentor, but as of right now it would be very hard to say what I could do in any specific situation that calls for a hard decision that may impact any other persons career and life in anyway. It is easy to access ones traits and skills at any point in time, but during a crisis our instinct may take or make a different decision than that of what we are on paper. Reference: James S. O’Rourke, IV, Management Communication A Case –Analysis Approach, Pearson

The Truth, Power, And Operation Of Spiritual Substances

In his Summa Thleologica, Saint Thomas Aquinas writes a treatise on man concerning the essence, power, and operation of spiritual substances. In his first article of the treatise, Thomas attempts to answer the question of whether or not the soul is a body. I will be explaining and evaluating the steps of his argument that a body can be a principle of life but that the soul cannot be corporeal, that is, a body. In response to the question of whether or not the soul is a body, Thomas takes the position that the soul is the form of the body of a living thing. He claims that, â€Å"†¦to seek the nature of the soul, we must premise that the soul is defined as the first principle of life of those things which live: for we call living things†¦show more content†¦Thomas states, however, that although some of the principles of life of a living being are corporeal, the first principle of life, or primary principle of life, is not corporeal. This incorporeal principle of life, Th omas maintains, is what we call the soul of a living being. He continues by saying, â€Å"†¦though a body may be a principle of life, or to be a living thing, as the heart is a principle of life in an animal, yet nothing corporeal can be the first principle of life† (Aquinas, 1920). This is because being a principle of life or a living being cannot belong to a body as such, for if this were the case, then it would be reasonable to say that every body is a living being or that every body is a soul. Thomas concludes his argument by stating, â€Å"Therefore, the soul, which is the first principle of life, is not a body, but the act of a body; thus heat, which is the principle of calefaction, is not a body, but an act of a body† (Aquinas, 1920). One objection to Thomas’s argument is concerned with the soul being the moving principle of the body. It can be argued, â€Å"†¦because seemingly nothing can move unless it is itself moved, since nothing gives wh at it has not; for instance, what is not hot does not give heat† (Aquinas, 1920). Given this reasoning, the soul is a mover moved, and since every mover moved is a body, the soul is therefore a body. Thomas sets about refuting this argument by saying if everything were moved by a mover, then the

Separation of Church and State Essay examples - 2383 Words

Introduction The fusion or separation of church (or in greater sense, religion) from the affairs of the state (nation) is an issue whose relative importance in any society cannot be overemphasized. This stems from the impact of having state affairs directly influenced by religious beliefs and practices in the case of the fusion of the state and religion. Better still the separation of the state from the clutches of religious beliefs has the propensity to significantly affect way of life as well as the rate of development in a society. In my opinion however, I sincerely believe that the church (by extension, religion) should be separated from the secular state. This is especially important in heterogeneous societies where citizens†¦show more content†¦It is not surprising that after the break-away that followed the reformation movement, the Roman Catholic Church never fully recovered it preeminent position as the fulcrum of state authority in Europe. The attendant effects of Martin Luther’s reformation in the early period of the sixteenth century occasioned by his posting of the 95 theses that raised objections to some of the then prevalent practices of the Roman Catholic Church eventually led to a significant breakaway from the church of a relatively more liberal Christian sect known as the â€Å"Protestant†. It is worthy of note however that the Roman Catholic Church tried albeit unsuccessfully to placate the breakaway by instituting a â€Å"counter-Reformation† but this only achieved a cleansing of the church internally without achieving much in its most important mandate to prevent the protestant breakaway. Consequently, Europe was enmeshed in bloody religious war largely between forces loyal to the papacy in Rome and those who sympathized with the runaway protestant movement. As a result, the Roman Catholic Church invariably began to lose its pole position in the scheme of things in an already divided Eu rope. As observed in the text, The Western Humanities: the Renaissance to the present, â€Å"By the time Europe had recovered from the first waves of religious wars in 1600, a new system of sovereign states had replaced the old dream of a united Christendom (DeShow MoreRelatedSeparation Of Church And State1446 Words   |  6 Pagesthe separation of church and state still necessary in the overall legal and social aspects of a modern society such as the United States? Research and history show that maintaining the church separate from the government is important for the ongoing success of a free and well functioning society. Separation of church and state is a political and legal doctrine which states that government and religious institutions are to be kept separate and independent from one another. Ideally, the church shouldRead MoreSeparation Of Church And State Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesSeparation of church and state is a defined as, the understanding of the intent, and function of the Establishment Clause, and Free Exercise Clause. The Combination of church and state has been a topic that, many generations have struggled with for centuries. The first amendment of the constitution states that â€Å"Congress shall make no law about our religious beliefs, or prohibiting our free exercise of religion† If we put our faith in the constitution to define the founding father’s standpoint ofRead MoreThe Separation Of Church And State902 Words   |  4 PagesA Closer look at the Separation of Church and State in the United States Although â€Å"God† is mentioned in the Constitution, this country was built upon the principle of separation of church and state. Despite this ideal, those elected into office: propose, pass, and deny laws based on their religious beliefs, completely disregarding the previously mentioned principle. The problem with that is that the country is so ethnically and culturally diverse that one religion representing an entire nation ofRead MoreThe separation of church and state1200 Words   |  5 PagesThe separation of church and state has been a long debated topic in the history of America. Although founded upon Christian ideals, the framers of the Constitution explicitly outlined the government to function secularly, in what is commonly referred to as the â€Å"Establishment Clause†. When interpreting the Constitution in regards to religion, there are two primary philosophies. The first philosophy this paper will explore will be referred to as Positive Toleration. In gen eral, the idea of positiveRead MoreSeparation of Church and State701 Words   |  3 PagesSeparation of Church and State To understand Locke’s argument for the separation of church and state you first need to understand what the purpose of the government is. Locke stated that the government is supposed to support civil interest. These civil interests include property, life, and security. Therefore the government’s job is to protect the civil interests of the people using force lawfully. Once Locke institutes the power of the government he develops three important assumptions vitalRead MoreSeparation Of Church And State1095 Words   |  5 PagesThe separation of church and state has been encountered and challenged several times in the Supreme Court, which was first mentioned by Thomas Jefferson. However it is not solidly stated in the Constitution on what is right or wrong and good or bad. This theory was modified from various elements from the Constitution essentially the first and fourteenth amendments. In the first amendment it is written Congress shall make no law respecting an esta blishment of religion or prohibiting the free exerciseRead MoreThe Separation Of Church And State1632 Words   |  7 Pages We are currently living in a time where freedom of religion is guaranteed in the United States. It has been since the first amendment of the Declaration of Independence was adopted in 1791. The first amendment prohibits the making of any law respecting the establishment of religion or impeding the free exercise of religion ( (Rotunda, 2004). This amendment established the separation of church and government that our country was founded on and still practices today. We as Americans are freeRead MoreSeparation Of Church And State1825 Words   |  8 PagesSeparation of church and state refers to the division of the relationship between religion and government. Various laws apply to different countries around the world about the separation of church and state. Some involve religion so much into their daily lives; it controls how their country is run. In other places, where it is not mandated as much, it becomes a problem in disputing what is and what is not right. The United States of America faces this issue as they struggle deciding what the meaningRead MoreThe Separation Of Church And State1594 Words   |  7 Pagesdirection and control exercised over the actions of the members, citizens, and inhabitants of communities, societies, and states. While documents have been written to help the leaders of our country, there is constant debate over what changes need to be made. Some believe that the country is falling apart while others think minor adjustments need to be made. The separation of church and state is also a topic of debate. The question of what needs to be changed and where religion falls in all of this are alwaysRead MoreThe Separation Of Church And State Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesThe separation between church and state is a debate that continues to grow with tension as the culture of America rapidly polarizes. A long-standing claim that America was founded on Christian doctrine is a common argument in favor of the church and state to remain tog ether, yet the most commonly used metaphor explaining what the â€Å"Separation of Church and State† contextually means in today’s terms is simply that government and religion should not coincide with one another in any capacity. Evidence

Personality In Edgar Allan Poes The Cask Of Amontillado

In paragraphs 1 through 23 of â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† Edgar Allan Poe takes the reader on a riveting mind game. As the reader reads the reader slowly realizes that the narrator is both an astute observer of his fellow humans and a frightening psychopath and he does this through steps and slowly letting the reader into the narrator’s mind. Early in the tale Montresor, the narrator, opens the story by stating that he has been irreparably insulted by his acquaintance, Fortunato, and that he seeks revenge. The reader at this point doesn’t know or understand the malicious intent that Montresor has. The narrator speaks on the wrong doing and how Fortunato â€Å"ventured upon insult†. He speaks wants to exact this revenge, however, in a†¦show more content†¦During the conversation, Montresor flattered him by obsequiously asking his opinion on a newly acquired cask of Amontillado. He tantalized Fortunato with the rare liquor, even pretending that h is vaults where the wine was stored had too much dampness and nitre for Fortunatos affliction. He knew that Fortunato would be determined to taste the wine and insisted on being taken to Montresors home. Furthering his demented plan he even plays Fortunato’s own ego against him by suggesting that another man would tell him what he wanted to know, knowing this would only make him want to taste the sherry even more. With this in mind, he sets the trap for Fortunato. He gives Fortunato numerous opportunities to back out, using the tricks of classic conmen by playing on Fortunatos greed and pride. Fortunato insists so Montresor complied while wrapping himself in a cloak to make sure that he would not be recognized. Earlier, he had told all of the servants that he would not be returning for the night and to â€Å"not stir from the house† this â€Å"[insured] their immediate disappearance, one and all, as soon as my back was turned†. Montresor used the excuse of the carnival; in this way, he would avoid arousing Fortunatos suspicions and would also prevent anyone from witnessing the atrocity he planned to commit. Apparently, Montresor had been planning this revenge for a long time and, ironically, had chosen carnival time asShow MoreRelatedEdgar Allan Poe s The Cask Of Amontillado1232 Words   |  5 PagesPoe’s Irony To develop the analytical paper about the text â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe, some sources will be used to support the thesis statement, which is â€Å"The author uses irony in the text to illustrate the murder of Fortunado by Montresor, who seeks salvation through death†. Also, there is going to be an analysis on the irony found in the text in relation with the story. To support this thesis, I am going to use some examples from some sources such as â€Å"Literary analysis: IronyRead MoreThemes in the Writing of Edgar Allan Poe that Mirror his Personal Life1379 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will discuss the themes in Poe’s writing that mirror his personal life and, in addition, the fear and supernatural motivators for his characters. First, I will discuss Poe’s background and explore how he became best known as a poet for his tales of mystery and macabre. In retrospect he was born January 19, 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts. His father an actor abandoned the family when he was one years old and his mother an actress died of tuberculosis when 2 yrs old. His foster parentsRead More Edgar Allan Poes, The Cask of Amontillado as a Description of Poes Life791 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allan Poes, The Cask of Amontillado as a Description of Poes Life The cast of Amontillado was written by Allan Poe at a time when he felt he was being unjustly attacked. Most critics believe that the cask of Amontillado was written by Poe against his critics in the Mirror. I believe the cask of Amontillado is a story of Revenge and Hatred against some friends whom be believed had wrongfully accused him. A review of Allan Poe as a person and his experiences in life is essential a clearRead MoreEdgar Allan Poes The Cask of the Amontillado Essay1520 Words   |  7 PagesSomething Unexpected Poe has written a several different stories relating to being buried alive, â€Å"The Premature Burial† and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† being the most popular. Edgar Allan Poe â€Å"was one of the seminal American poets and short story writers of the nineteenth century† he was an influencer for writers like Charles Baudelaire and Jules Verne. Poe lost both of his parents as a child and was raised with a foster family and lost his foster mom early, too. He lost many of his loved onesRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado, The Raven And The Tell Tale Heart1613 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allan Poe uses concrete language and physical description to cast certain emotions to his audience. Within his descriptions, he perfectly picks words to strike horror and dread. Through his writing, Poe has become one who will never be forgotten. He will always be remembered as one of the pivotal writers in the romantic period of writing. In his works â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado †, â€Å"The Raven†, and â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, he strategically describes people, events, and places for his readers to feelRead MoreThe Father Of American Detective1923 Words   |  8 PagesShort Story-Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe is far more than a poet and short story writer of the early 19th century. Poe is, in many ways, the most crucial writer of the period. The inventor of the detective story, and the creator of Gothic horror stories. He continues to capture the imagination and inspire literature more than one hundred and fifty years after his death. In examining his life, the critical reaction to his work, and his short story masterpiece â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† it has beenRead MoreThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe836 Words   |  3 Pagesqualities in the story. In the story many things are used as symbols such as the actual cask of amontillado, the trowel, the jester costume and the setting in which there is two in the story. Another literary technique used significantly in the story is irony. Irony is the expression of ones meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite. In the short story â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† Montresor a very troubled man who plans to seek revenge on another man named FortunatoRead More Big Heads and Short Tempers: Edgar Allan Poe in Context Essay2064 Words   |  9 PagesEdgar Allan Poe was the epitome of a tormented genius. He possessed uncontrollable and self-inflicted internal problems. In addition, Poe was plagued by external difficulties—some preventable, some not. Most doctors today would pronounce Poe to be bipolar, chronically depressed, and perhaps even OCD. Most people today, and any day, would declare Poe to be self-obsessed and arrogant, or—at the least—snobbish. His personal life would also be considered less than ideal, though how much he was personallyRead MoreHumorous Humor Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Dark Hearted 1675 Words   |  7 PagesPoe: Lighthearted Humor in a Darkened Heart Edgar Allan Poe, the dark hearted author! When speaking of Poe, readers would most likely associate him as a dark and dreary author. His uses of vivid, shadowy imagery and themes of death and despair lurk within the minds of his audiences. Poe, however, subtly injects his works with humor that may not easily be spotted by the human eye. Why exactly would Poe inject humor into his horror stories, since they aren’t comedies? To begin, the use of humor inRead MoreThe Two Personalities of Edgar Allan Poe800 Words   |  4 PagesThe Two Personalities of Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe is one of the most famous writers in the American literary world. His stories and poems are known for their gothic style and having the common theme of death. This is certainly seen in his short story â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado.† It is speculated by many that Poe suffered from the mental illness known as bipolar disorder. In a letter to James Russell Lowell, Poe said, â€Å"I am excessively slothful, and wonderfully industrious — by fits. There are

Organizational Inducements and Psychologicalâ€MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Inducements and Psychological Resilience. Answer: Introduction The following report is based on organizational behavior. It is observed that organizational behavior is related to different aspects of the business. As the industries have become competitive, the organizations have to focus on dynamics of the environment, as the competition come from the industry dynamics. An organizational environment is built of different aspects such as human resource, employee performance, productivity and many more. As put forward by Uddin, Luva and Hossain (2012), organizational behavior is the activity of both group as well as individual performance within the organization. In this context, Sageer, Rafat and Agarwal (2012) also commented that organizational behavior is also related to the human behavior in organizational setting, the interface between human behavior and the organization. These aspects have strong impact on the organizational productivity, employee performance and business growth. However, to learn how organizational behavior does influence t he productivity and operation, three separated journals on organizational behavior have been selected. The similarities and dissimilarities of these three articles have been discussed in the report. Based on the findings, integrated interpretation has been provided in the report. The first article is about the relationships of organizational inducements and psychological resilience to employees' attitudes and behaviors toward organizational change This study has been conducted considering the telecommunication sector in Bangladesh. Another article is about the identification of variables affecting employee satisfaction and its impact on the organization. Likewise, the last article is about whether commitment based resource practices influence job embeddedness as well as intention to leave. Each of the articles has provided different outcomes related to organizational productivity, employee satisfaction and human resource Management. Similarities among the three articles Theoretical perspective of the first article- As this article is about relationships of organizational inducements and psychological resilience to employees' attitudes and behaviors toward organizational change. It is observed that employees while working in the midst of organizational change observe inherent stress as well as strain. It is significant that change executors understand the crucial role that major resources play in enabling individuals to deal with these challenges and stresses. It makes the employees highly committed to, and behaviorally engaged in, change implementation. The theory of conversion resource provides conceptual description of the role that resource play in collaborating individuals reaction to organizational change. As mentioned by Shin, Taylor and Seo 2012), the employees tend to consider the world as naturally threatening as well as demanding; thus, they carry a wide set of individual strength as well as social attachment to survive. To respond to the changing environment, the individuals attempt to obtain, retain as well as promote valued entities. Theoretical perspective of second article-This article is about the impact of human resource on organizational outcome. Observation of the relationship between HRM as well as organizational result remains as one of the long-standing goals of macro Human Resource Management studies. Jiang et al. (2012) considered the organizational outcome is considered as multi-dimensional. Based on the theoretical perspectives, it can also be added that strategic human resources management have several categories such as HR outcome, the outcome of operation as well as the financial outcome. Theoretical perspective of third article- This article is about the impact of high performance HRM practices on Employee Attitudes and behaviour. Based on the theoretical perspective of the article, it can be added that rational procedure of mutually reinforcing HR practices probably to develop the support and sustainable performance result than any other individual practices. In addition, theoretical background also helps to learn that not all HR practices remain as equally effective. Even though, some particular HRM practise involved high-performance, the HR systems differed across studies. This article also discusses about the employee commitment, which is a major key world of second article. Theatrical background All of the three articles include discussion about the relationship between the human resource Management and the organizational outcome, which in turn influence the employee performance. The methods of first article-This article include a longitudinal survey design implemented with a particular sample of employees as well as the managers from an Information Technology company in located South Korea. The study sample involves 344 employees and 48 managers of the company who work in a 16 different divisions. Methods of second article- To conduct the study, the authors have examined the mediating hypotheses using a meta-analytic structural equation modelling. The authors have used PsycINFO and Quest Digital Dissertation data set. Methods of third article:- To gain the research result, the study includes a primary analysis. In order to collect the primary data, employees of a food service organization have been involved in the survey. The directors were also involved to administer the survey to randomly chosen group of 20% of the employees in the overall unit. Research result and interpretation of first article- The result of first article is based on the impact of organizational inducements as well as psychological resilience, which includes both affective and normative commitment. Likewise, the hypothesis helps to learn that the positive effect could mediate the relationship between organizational inducement and employees normative and affective commitment. Research result and interpretation of second article- Based on the meta-analytic review, it is found that three dimension of HR systems have different relationship along with employee motivation and human capital. These are largely related to the operational result as well as voluntary turnover. The study also discovered a direct relationship between skill-enhanced HR practices, financial outcome as well as motivation-enhanced HR practices. Research result and interpretation of third article- The research results supports authors prediction that employees collective perception of high performance HR practices are related to organizational citizenship behaviour, affective commitment as well as intention to stay in the organization. In addition, it is negatively related to absenteeism. Differences among the three articles- Theoretical perspective- Because of the subjective nature of culture, it can be difficult to define the specification of organizational culture. Even though no theory has been accepted, a genera consent comes regarding organizational inducements and Resources influence employees commitment comes into the consideration. The theoretical perspective of the article is different from others two articles. This theoretical background of this article does not cover perception of high performance and commitment, which are the central idea of second article. Theoretical perspective of second article-This article only focussed on the HRM as well as organizational outcome. The critical discussion of the article only highlights relationship between the organizational outcome and HRM practices. This study emphasizes on the fact that different HR practices should be applied to achieve the organizational goals. The organizational culture does not consist of one single entity of human resource Management. Theoretical perspective of third article- Even though, the perspective of human resource and organizational productivity differ in this article, the theoretical discussion has mentioned that if the employees are satisfied with the organizational benefits, the organisational productivity could be positively influenced. Thus, perspectives help to learn that organizational productivity and efficiency can be achieved through employee satisfaction and focus to employees emotional and physical needs. Even though the critical discussion of three articles have used same or equivalent key words, but emphasis one each key word is different in each article. The major focus of first article is on the organizational encouragement and psychological resilience to employees behaviour but it partially focuses on the employee commitment that is influenced by human resource management practices. The methods of first article: -Unlike other article, this article has used a broad sample to conduct the longitudinal survey. The sample included 344 employees and 48 managers, whereas the second article has only used the secondary method. The methods of second article:- Unlike the first article, this study is based on the secondary analysis. For HRM, the study has used some particular key words such as high work performance, high involvement work practice and high commitment work practices. The methods of third article- The method of this article is little different from other two articles. The study includes a primary analysis engaging 20% of employees of the company who work in 56 self-contained business units. Differences in research result and interpretation of first article: The result of the study confirm that different attribute of organizational culture has different impact on the overall operation. However, unlike the second article it does not focus on the impact of any particular attribute. Nevertheless, it shows the relationship between the cultural and performance. Differences in research result and interpretation of second article: This study has only derived the outcome of commitment based human resource management, on the job embeddedness, and off the job embeddedness. However, this study does not focus on other attribute of organizational culture. Differences in research result and interpretation of third article: This article has developed the outcome regarding different variables that have strong impact on the employee satisfaction. The result of the study indicates that employee satisfaction could largely influence the organizational productivity. Nevertheless, no result related to HRM practice and organizational culture has been found. Based on the methodology, theoretical perspectives and result, it can mentioned that none of the study has been competitive. Even though articles have included a primary analysis but articles have only conducted the survey and interview respectively. Although, the first article has conducted the interview among different level of employees but it did not include a secondary analysis or competitive analysis considering two organizations. The third article only includes a primary analysis and it does not focus on any particular context or organization. The first article has only included IT company of South Korea but the result of the analysis would have been more intensive if a comparative study was conducted. In addition, the authors of the first article should have focused on another organization from the same industry or different industry. The findings of the study would differ if the organizations were taken from different industry. In addition to this, the second article only fo cuses on the variables of commitment based human resource practices. As the outcome is related to employee satisfaction, skills and talents, recruitment and selection procedures should have been added in the article. Likewise, the last article provides the general discussion of employee satisfaction and productivity. The effectiveness of this study can be increased conducting an empirical analysis. Integration of the information contained in the three articles- The findings and result of three articles are based on three different contexts. The first paper has discussed about different cultural aspects of the organization and demonstrated the significant relationship between the organizational culture and performance. Hence, the authors linked the organizational performance to employee performance. This means organizational productivity is directly depended on the performance of the employees. This finding is related to third article, where organizational productivity has been linked with the performance of the employees. Thus, to increase the organizational performance, employee emotional and physical needs have been considered as the significant factors. However, the employee emotional and physical needs are again is related to the commitment based on human resource management practice. In the third article, the effectiveness of employee commitment has been discussed focusing on employee basic needs such as wages, bonus, career developmen t opportunities and other intangible benefits. However, Kehoe and Wright (2013) commented that organization provides the benefits to employees based on their reinforcement of commitment. This means the commitment based HRM practices facilitate in developing the fit dimension of the job embeddedness by choosing people who effectively fit with the organizations instead of the particular job requirement. The integrated interpretation of the three articles increases the effectiveness of the discussion. The integrated interpretation includes the idea of conducting a competitive analysis considering two different organizations from different industries. To gain the intensive outcome from the interpretation, both qualitative and quantitative approaches of data collection need to be added. Both the managers and the employees of each department of both organizations should be surveyed and interviewed to derive the factual data on organizational productivity and employee performance. Likewise, the study should include a secondary analysis considering a number of existing journals on employee commitment, performance and organizational productivity. Thus, with this integrated interpretation, a sophisticated as well as extensive nature can be established in the paper, which could further add value to the organizations examining disciplines with intensive perceptions. Conclusion On the completion of the report, it can be added that three articles have been conducted on different context with different perspectives. However, definitions and theories related to organizational behavior discussed in the article are similar to each other. Based on the discussion of three articles it can also be added that employee behavior or attitudes characteristically reflect the moral of the organization. For example, in the area of customer service, the organizations need happy and satisfied employees as they could represent firm to the public. Thereby, each organization should form strategies that reinforce the work environment. Reference Article 1- Shin, J., Taylor, M.S. and Seo, M.G., 2012. Resources for change: The relationships of organizational inducements and psychological resilience to employees' attitudes and behaviors toward organizational change.Academy of Management Journal,55(3), pp.727-748. Article 2- Jiang, K., Lepak, D.P., Hu, J. and Baer, J.C., 2012. How does human resource management influence organizational outcomes? A meta-analytic investigation of mediating mechanisms.Academy of management Journal,55(6), pp.1264-1294. Article 3- Kehoe, R.R. and Wright, P.M., 2013. The impact of high-performance human resource practices on employees attitudes and behaviors.Journal of management,39(2), pp.366-391.